Good question. A very brief initial retort; by what other means would religion be created? I don't believe religions have ever had divine origin, so it has always been human societies creating it.
I've been doing some thinking, I came to the conclusion that society set up religion. Religion has been around since the dawn of humanity and it ALMOST always had a set of rules you must follow to get here or to not be there. I feel like the past and current societies have create religion to control the masses.
I agree in part; I think the reasons for the creation of religion are/were twofold. Firstly, I think religion was created as a way to create commonality between strangers. Bioloigcally, we are not disposed to assist or even tolerate strangers. And yet, the vast majoirty of us are forever strangers to one another. This did not matter when we lived in smaller tribal bands, comprised largely of extended family, but became valid when civilisation got larger, more complex. There need be no reason given to protect a member of ones family, but there needs to be something to inspire us to help/tolerate complete strangers. Shared 'important' beliefs would help. Which is why with the decline in religion in the west over the last 200 years we have seen the rise nationalism, patriotism, etc. Humans are uniquely able to not only believe in things for which there is no objective "reality" (like god/money) but to fight for and die trying to further them.
The second reason relates to moral control. Humans often have vastly different values to each other, so much that this suggests that there really isn't an objective morality. If there is no objective right/wrong, how to prevent chaos? There is no reason to believe a supernatural entity would care about the motivations for our actions, and yet most religions posit that this is so. Linking a culture-specific moral code with the 'objectivity' of a supernatural decree makes that moral code universal/absolute. Society becomes 'predictable' if we can determine what behaviours people
won't engage in; it eliminates a variable. Of course, we see that religion has been unable to eliminate much of what it proscribes. Human nature will always win.
And yes, I think religion exploits that innate sense of awe we have when confounded by nature, a sense that I call spirituality. It seems that we really evolved this potential to see things as being greater then ourselves, and evidence of the might and mystery of existence. Its a beautiful part of being human, our sense of wonder and our awareness of our own insignificance. Its frightening and liberating.
My though process is, When people where contemplating doing something they would think, "if I do this, will I face consequences". Many would say yes. But the major fear factor was spiritual consequence.
Even a few 100 years ago if you practices homosexuality you were going to "hell". Obviously now we know you cannot control whether you are gay or not. If it wasn't for religion manys people's would likely change. Anyone have any thoughts on this?
I think this speaks to our innate binary response to punishment and reward. An understanding of that is hardwired into us. That certain behaviours or actions elicit affirmation, others total rejection. Perhaps religion is exploiting this too?
I am pretty against religion and don't see much use for them anymore. I still appreciate (deeply) that sense of spirituality, unfetterred so to speak.
