I posted this response in another thread, but it definitely bears repeating.
If bacteria are allowed to multiply, say in a wet piece of cotton for a few hours or days, they may produce toxins that can cause a fever, even though the bacteria themselves are dead. This fever will go away after a relatively short period of time. One type of this kind of toxin can survive conditions that would kill the bacteria for sure, such as boiling or autoclaving.
More technically, these toxins are classified medically as pyrogens = fever causing agents. They are also known as endotoxins. They are the result of the breakdown of the cell walls of Gram negative bacteria. Since these cell walls are made of lipopolysaccharides, these toxins are also lipopolysaccharides.