Correct. It was found non-neurotoxic in comparison with MDMA, just as methylone has been. The study was conducted either in 1999 or 2001.
ebola
I wonder how much data there is on
2-fluoroamphetamine in terms of neurotoxicity as compared to dextroamphetamine/4-fluoroamphetamine/3-fluoroamphetamine/methamphetamine. I haven't found specific IC50 values and am also interested in comparing this to other stimulants. 3-FA is definitely a very potent dopamine releasing agent, and I'm assume 2-FA would even have more affinity for DA/NE? That would just be ridiculuous. However, people have found 2-FA to require pretty high doses, so mg to mg it doesn't seem as potent. 2-FA also seems to be a TAAR1 agonist, I wonder if 3-FA/4-FA share this property. 2-FA would probably lead to more DA receptor down-regulation and perhaps DAT density loss than 3-FA/2-FA but might not share their potent serotonin releasing properties, and we know DA/5-HT dual releasers have a synergistic tendency to be neurotoxic, might make 2-FA slightly safer.
I hope eventually we can compile a larger list of binding affinities that includes the halogenated amphetamines, 2-diphenylmethylpiperidine, methylenedioxypyrovaleroneetc, prolintane, pyrovalerone, alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, halogenated methcathinones, etc... excluding 4-MMC for purposes of distaste
http://i249.photobucket.com/albums/gg223/antec6/stimtable.png
I found this in another thread:
3-FA
EC50 NE release (nM) 16.1 ± 1.7
EC50 DA release (nM) 24.2 ± 1.1
EC50 5HT release (nM) 1,937 ± 202
Is that EC50 for DA release correct? It doesn't seem that potent as compared to d-amp then? Something doesn't look right. I also wonder how dosage affects the release/re-uptaking inhibition ratios, contrary to what most people think, I believe dextroamphetamine does
not display releasing properties at low dosages, maybe a little NE releasing, but that's about it, it is pretty much a re-uptake inhibitor, but then again recreational doses would have potent NE releasing properties and some DA as well. I calculated the average threshold dose to be around 20 mg d-amp, but that would vary depending on tolerance and other factors.
"In contrast, in the absence of a cytoplasmic NE pool, low doses of the AMPH derivatives act predominantly as uptake blockers at the neuronal transporter. However, as the dose is increased, the AMPH derivatives can accumulate in the cytoplasm to sufficiently high concentrations to disrupt vesicular storage, thus facilitating transmitter release from all three biogenic amine nerve terminals" -
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/15/2/1308.full.pdf
I've also have the PDF: Comparison of the Effects of the Isomers of Amphetamine, Methylphenidate and Deoxypipradrol on the Uptake of /-[3H]Norepinephrine and [3H]Dopamine by Synaptic Vesicles from Rat Whole Brain, Striatum and Hypothalamus, if anyone is interested