Looking for good papers on the neurochemistry of withdrawal

[tantric]

or we could discuss it. all the papers i'm finding focus on a specific substance, but there must be a general process. the addictive mechanism, of which withdrawal is a part, is an evolved trait, not the consequence of humanity's encounters with chemistry, right?

 

[serotonin2A]

Some aspects of withdrawal are shared across drug classes (dysphoria, craving) and occur due to adaptations of dopamine, dynorphin, and CRF in the limbic system and forebrain. For example, it is common to find that ICSS thresholds increase during withdrawal from a variety of substances. But some aspects of withdrawal are unique to each drug class -- it ultimately depends on where the drug acts in the brain and whether functional adaptations occur to counteract the effects of continued exposure to the drug.

 

[Zeds(NCO2CH2CH3)2]

Serotonin is spot on, OP you seem to think all withdrawal is general but mechanisms vary and pathways may converge but do not necessarily cause the same effects. Be more specific in drug class you question..