Tobacco smoke contains thousands of poisonous chemicals and toxins, which when breathed in, many of them settle in the lungs and cause disease if a build-up occurs, which will happen over time. The tar in cigarette smoke can be particularly damaging, as prolonged exposure can lead to the narrowing of the bronchioles and destruction of the lung's protection and filter system.
COPD is caused by a repeated and prolonged irritation of the lungs, normally spanning several decades of exposure, which is produced by breathing in harmful substances that get into the lungs and damage them permanently. These substances could be tobacco smoke, toxic chemicals, dust or air pollution.
A sufferer of COPD will most probably have developed chronic bronchitis before the emphysema develops although in the later stages of COPD, he is likely to have both diseases.