Nicomorphinist
Bluelighter
- Joined
- Apr 18, 2019
- Messages
- 1,401
Embutramide is an opioid used exclusively for veterinary euthanasia for animals up to about the size of a grown capybara. Controlled substance laws generally omit it or control it as a depressant rather than an opioid. The human therapeutic index was one of the lowest ones I have encountered in my research of this kind of thing: 50 mg kills the pain, 75 mg kills the patient. It was first synthesised at Hoechst, the German pharmaceutical concern, around or about 1958. Embutramide mixed with chloroquine and lignocaine is marketed as a fixed-ratio, proprietary drug for euthanising dogs in particular by the name of Embutane.
Amidones -- In addition to the optically active methadone, this sub-family includes isomethadone, normethadone, and others. Normethadone and norisomethadone are used as antitussives. Dipipanone and phenadoxone are also in this category.
Methadols -- Including the opioid substitution agent levoacetylalphamethadol (LAAM, Orlaaam) there are several used in medicine including noracymethadol
Moramides -- Developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s at Janssen, dextromoramide (Palfium) has high oral bioavailability and was made famous by Austrialian unsupervised opioid users.
Thiambutenes -- Covered in their own post
Ampromides -- This group includes propiram, an analgesic in the codeine range, as well as diampromide, which was invented by American Cyanamid in 1965 and the closely-related phenampromide. Propiram was invented by Bayer. Diampromide is significantly toxic; this drug which is in the general range of morphine, is often called a ring-opened version of fentanyl.
Phenalkoxams -- Propoxyphene is the racaemic mixture of dextropropoxyphene and levopropoxyphene. The former is, of course, Darvon and the latter is or was sold as an antitussive under the name Novrad (Darvon spelt backwards) The subfamily also includes
Amidones -- In addition to the optically active methadone, this sub-family includes isomethadone, normethadone, and others. Normethadone and norisomethadone are used as antitussives. Dipipanone and phenadoxone are also in this category.
Methadols -- Including the opioid substitution agent levoacetylalphamethadol (LAAM, Orlaaam) there are several used in medicine including noracymethadol
Moramides -- Developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s at Janssen, dextromoramide (Palfium) has high oral bioavailability and was made famous by Austrialian unsupervised opioid users.
Thiambutenes -- Covered in their own post
Ampromides -- This group includes propiram, an analgesic in the codeine range, as well as diampromide, which was invented by American Cyanamid in 1965 and the closely-related phenampromide. Propiram was invented by Bayer. Diampromide is significantly toxic; this drug which is in the general range of morphine, is often called a ring-opened version of fentanyl.
Phenalkoxams -- Propoxyphene is the racaemic mixture of dextropropoxyphene and levopropoxyphene. The former is, of course, Darvon and the latter is or was sold as an antitussive under the name Novrad (Darvon spelt backwards) The subfamily also includes
dioxyaphetyl butyrate, dimenoxadol, and norpropoxyphene.
Miscellaneous -- Lefetamine is an open-chain opioid
Miscellaneous -- Lefetamine is an open-chain opioid
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