Alprazolam is a white to off-white crystalline powder, which is soluble in methanol or ethanol; sparingly soluble in acetone; freely soluble in chloroform; slightly soluble in ethyl acetate; freely soluble in dichloromethane but which has no appreciable solubility in water at physiological pH.
Nasal insufflation (often called "snorting") sometimes occurs, but due to the drug's chemical structure and excipients in the ground tablets it is possible that these could act as a buffer, preventing the active ingredient from being absorbed through the mucous membranes. Instead, the powdered tablets and mucous drip down the back of the throat into the stomach, where they are absorbed as they would have been if taken orally. Therefore, insufflation of crushed alprazolam tablets is no more potent than when taken orally. This method of administration can be very unpredictable because it often requires a higher dose to produce an effect and side-effects such as memory loss, loss of motor-function and slurred speech are more likely to become present. Furthermore, nasal insufflation may be significantly less potent than other means of administrations, because the mucous drip enters the stomach at a slower rate than traditional ingestion. Because of fillers, snorting crushed alprazolam tablets causes moderate nasal inflammation. For a list of excipients in alprazolam tablets, see INACTIVE INGREDIENTS. Note: The composition and amount of excipients in generics may be different from those in the brand name product. Panistat, an intranasal formulation of alprazolam is safely and effectively absorbed through the nasal passages and acts more quickly.