ZeroLuck
Bluelighter
- Joined
- Feb 18, 2017
- Messages
- 372
With my respect lion, you can't explain anything because you're just hypothesizing. I like your positivism, but it doesn't bring anything solid on the table. There's endless researches out there solidifying my real-life issues. It's stupid for me to believe it's just anxiety. Anxiety is just another symtom out of the many, caused due to the brain changes after the mdma usage.
There's countless reports of MDMA users with cognitive impairment with or without prone anxiety. And there's countless of people with GAD and other anxiety disorder that do not have any cognitive deficits.
About the research papers,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672089/
"The results of the first follow-up assessment showed significant deficits in MDMA users in visual paired association learning after a period of 1 year"
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3931692/
A more refined 2010 meta-analysis by Nulsen et al65 differentiated between tests of short-term and working memory (verbal and visuospatial in both cases) and found that the ecstasy users performed more poorly in all memory domains. Results were significant regardless of whether the control group was composed of non-ecstasy polydrug users or individuals who had not been exposed to any illicit drugs. Moreover, estimated lifetime ecstasy consumption was related to the effect size in working (but not short-term) memory. An even more recent (2012) meta-analysis by Murphy et al66focused on visuospatial memory tasks. Significant deficits in ecstasy users were found for tasks requiring memory of the spatial distribution of stimulus items, tasks requiring figure recognition, and tasks requiring production or reproduction of figures. In contrast to the results of Nulsen et al,65 estimated lifetime ecstasy consumption did not predict effect sizes in the analysis of visuospatial memory performance. It should be noted that, at least with respect to long-term memory, memory deficits in ecstasy users are more clearly seen in high-complexity than in low-complexity tasks.67 If this is also true for other memory domains, it may help explain some of the conflicting findings in the literature.
Fisk and Sharp68 proposed that working memory consists of a central executive function along with four subcomponents which they termed ?updating,? ?attention shifting,? ?inhibition,? and ?access to long-term memory.? A recent meta-analysis comparing ecstasy users to polydrug-using controls on these four subcomponents found significant ecstasy-associated deficits in updating, attention shifting, and access to long-term memory.69 Effect sizes were generally moderate for the three significant subcomponents, whereas the inhibition subcomponent was not significantly affected. Meta-analyses that examined aspects of cognitive function other than memory found significant impairment in attention and concentration, verbal comprehension, processing speed, and motor/psychomotor speed.70,71 Together with the reviews of memory performance, these findings suggest that regular ecstasy users suffer from widespread problems across a wide range of cognitive domains.
MDMA toxicity is not limited to the brain. This compound can also produce serious adverse effects on the heart and cardiovascular system, immune system, liver, and kidneys.
---------------------
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1071023/
The manifestations of this neurotoxicity, in terms of altered cerebral function and behavioral change, range from neuroendocrine impairments16 to deficits in verbal memory and reasoning,17short-term memory and semantic recognition,14 and visual memory.18More general indices of intelligence are also adversely affected,19 but reports of serious long-term psychiatric disorders are still rare, with the possibility that previous exposure to MDMA merely accentuates preexisting negative personality features.20 One particularly worrying feature that has emerged is that chronic psychosis, when manifest in MDMA users, reportedly responds poorly to therapy.21
----------------
https://www.mentalhealthacademy.net/journal_archive/acn0814.pdf
Cognitive consequences of ecstasy use have beenexamined more extensively. Numerous cross-sectionalstudies reported impairments of learning and memory inmoderate to heavy recreational users (for review seeMorgan, 2000; Parrott, 2000; Verbaten, 2003).
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There's countless reports of MDMA users with cognitive impairment with or without prone anxiety. And there's countless of people with GAD and other anxiety disorder that do not have any cognitive deficits.
About the research papers,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4672089/
"The results of the first follow-up assessment showed significant deficits in MDMA users in visual paired association learning after a period of 1 year"
-------
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3931692/
A more refined 2010 meta-analysis by Nulsen et al65 differentiated between tests of short-term and working memory (verbal and visuospatial in both cases) and found that the ecstasy users performed more poorly in all memory domains. Results were significant regardless of whether the control group was composed of non-ecstasy polydrug users or individuals who had not been exposed to any illicit drugs. Moreover, estimated lifetime ecstasy consumption was related to the effect size in working (but not short-term) memory. An even more recent (2012) meta-analysis by Murphy et al66focused on visuospatial memory tasks. Significant deficits in ecstasy users were found for tasks requiring memory of the spatial distribution of stimulus items, tasks requiring figure recognition, and tasks requiring production or reproduction of figures. In contrast to the results of Nulsen et al,65 estimated lifetime ecstasy consumption did not predict effect sizes in the analysis of visuospatial memory performance. It should be noted that, at least with respect to long-term memory, memory deficits in ecstasy users are more clearly seen in high-complexity than in low-complexity tasks.67 If this is also true for other memory domains, it may help explain some of the conflicting findings in the literature.
Fisk and Sharp68 proposed that working memory consists of a central executive function along with four subcomponents which they termed ?updating,? ?attention shifting,? ?inhibition,? and ?access to long-term memory.? A recent meta-analysis comparing ecstasy users to polydrug-using controls on these four subcomponents found significant ecstasy-associated deficits in updating, attention shifting, and access to long-term memory.69 Effect sizes were generally moderate for the three significant subcomponents, whereas the inhibition subcomponent was not significantly affected. Meta-analyses that examined aspects of cognitive function other than memory found significant impairment in attention and concentration, verbal comprehension, processing speed, and motor/psychomotor speed.70,71 Together with the reviews of memory performance, these findings suggest that regular ecstasy users suffer from widespread problems across a wide range of cognitive domains.
MDMA toxicity is not limited to the brain. This compound can also produce serious adverse effects on the heart and cardiovascular system, immune system, liver, and kidneys.
---------------------
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1071023/
The manifestations of this neurotoxicity, in terms of altered cerebral function and behavioral change, range from neuroendocrine impairments16 to deficits in verbal memory and reasoning,17short-term memory and semantic recognition,14 and visual memory.18More general indices of intelligence are also adversely affected,19 but reports of serious long-term psychiatric disorders are still rare, with the possibility that previous exposure to MDMA merely accentuates preexisting negative personality features.20 One particularly worrying feature that has emerged is that chronic psychosis, when manifest in MDMA users, reportedly responds poorly to therapy.21
----------------
https://www.mentalhealthacademy.net/journal_archive/acn0814.pdf
Cognitive consequences of ecstasy use have beenexamined more extensively. Numerous cross-sectionalstudies reported impairments of learning and memory inmoderate to heavy recreational users (for review seeMorgan, 2000; Parrott, 2000; Verbaten, 2003).
===========