With gross hematuria, it is important to note the relationship of the bleeding to the urinary stream. If at the beginning of urination (initial hematuria), the source of the blood is almost always in the urinary canal (urethra). If at the end of urination (terminal hematuria), the source is usually the prostate gland in men or the bladder neck in men and women. Bleeding throughout the entire stream (total hematuria) is due to bleeding that is initiated in the urinary bladder or upper urinary tract (kidneys and/or ureters). Some of the common causes of hematuria include infection, tumors, stones, and trauma (injury). In order to look for the cause, it is generally necessary to consult a urologist.