Start with 1/8th and leave it on. The reason to leave it on is fentanyls short duration of action and long ramp up time. Say you put the patch on at 9am. You might not feel anything until 9pm, certainly not until at least 6pm. And if you take the patch off as soon as you feel it the drug is already absorbed into your fat cells and will continue to release from them for hours after removal of the patch. Once it wears off, if you decide to put the patch back on, you have another 8-12 hours to wait for the effects to begin.
You really don't get to be safe with fentanyl other than choosing the correct dose in the first place. By the time you realize you took too much (transdermally) 8-12 hours worth of the drug is already in your system. The good news though is that it's short acting in that it only lasts a couple of hours. So say you take a full 50mcg patch, this is (very roughly) what happens. This is VERY rough, just to give you an idea of the process. The drug releases from the patch into fat cells. After 8-10 hours is begins releasing into the blood stream from fat while still releasing into fat from the patch. About 2 hours after it releases into your blood you metabolize it and poof, it's gone. So the drug only lasts a couple of hours, but the process is long and relatively complex compared to just popping a pill.
Hour
1 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 50mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
2 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 100mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
3 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 150mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
4 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 200mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
5 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 250mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
6 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 300mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
7 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 350mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
8 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 400mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
9 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 450mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood
10 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 450mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 50mcg in blood
11 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 450mcg total in fat, 0mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
12 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 450mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
13 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 450mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
14 - 50mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 450mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
***Here we'll assume you take off the patch or it runs out of drug (in reality the patch will keep absorbing 50mcg per hour into fat for 48-72 hours).
15 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 400mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
16 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 350mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
17 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 300mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
18 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 250mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
19 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 200mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
20 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 150mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
21 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 100mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
22 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 50mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
23 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 50mcg released into blood, 0mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 100mcg in blood
24 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 0mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 50mcg in blood
25 - 0mcg absorbed by fat, 0mcg released into blood, 0mcg total in fat, 50mcg metabolized, 0mcg in blood