Gynostemma pentaphyllum - ingredients and uses.

[izo]

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Gynostemma pentaphyllum - Wikipedia

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has a calming effect on stress, difficulty falling asleep and high blood pressure. In addition, the herb lowers blood sugar levels and blood lipid levels, has a blood-forming, anti-cancer effect and strengthens the immune system.

nothing from rätsch.

 

[izo]

2018 - Isolation, Structures, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino A Review

Polysaccharides obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino have promising prospects in functional food and
nutraceuticals due to its broad range of biological activities including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective,
neuroprotective, and antifatigue activities. These beneficial biological activities are related to chemical composition and
structure of the G. pentaphyllum polysaccharides. The molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and chemical structures
could be influenced by both different extraction/purification techniquesemployed to obtain polysaccharide enriched products.The
purpose of this article is to reviewprevious and current literature regarding the extraction, purification, structural characterization,
and biological activity of G. pentaphyllum polysaccharides.This review provides a useful bibliography for the further investigation,
production, and application of G. pentaphyllum polysaccharides as functional foods and nutraceuticals.

 

[izo]

2011 - Triterpenoid saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Four new dammarane-type triterpene saponins, 1–4, were isolated from the aerial parts
of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. Their structural elucidations were
accomplished mainly on the basis of spectroscopic methods, such as IR, HR-TOF-MS,
and NMR. Compounds 1–4 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against cancer cell
lines HL-60, Colon205, and Du145 in vitro.

 

[izo]

2018 - Ombuoside from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Protects PC12 Cells from L-DOPA-Induced Neurotoxicity

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of ombuoside on L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
(L-DOPA)-induced neurotoxicity in
PC12 cells. Ombuoside did not affect cell viability at concentrations
of up to 50 µM for 24 h, and ombuoside (1, 5, and
10 µM) significantly inhibited L-DOPA-induced (100 and
200 µM) decreases in cell viability. L-DOPA (100 and 200 µM)
induced sustained phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated
kinases (ERK1/2) for 6 h, which were significantly decreased
by cotreatments with ombuoside (1, 5, and 10 µM).
L-DOPA (100 and 200 µM) alone significantly increased c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) phosphorylation for 6 h and
cleaved-caspase-3 expression for 24 h, both of which were
partially, but significantly, blocked by ombuoside (1, 5, and
10 µM). In addition, ombuoside (1, 5, and 10 µM) significantly
restored the L-DOPA-induced (100 and 200 µM) decrease in
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity for 24 h. Taken together,
these findings indicate that ombuoside protects against LDOPA-
induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting L-DOPA-induced increases
in sustained ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation and
caspase-3 expression and L-DOPA-induced decrease in SOD
activity in PC12 cells. Thus, ombuoside might represent a
novel neuroprotective agent that warrants further study.

 

[izo]

2014 - EFFECTS OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM GYNOSTEMMA PENTAPHYLLUM (THUNB.), MAKINO ON PHYSICAL FATIGUE

Abstract
Background: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in Chinese herbal
medicines. Polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (PGP), has been identified as one of the active ingredients responsible for its
biological activities. Although many pharmacological activities of PGP have received a great deal of attention, there is limited evidence for the
anti-fatigue effects of PGP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of polysaccharides from PGP on physical fatigue.
Materials and method: The rats were divided into four groups, with 10 animals per group: control (C), group, low-treated (LT), group, mediumtreated
(MT), group, and high-treated (HT), group. The C group received distilled water, while LT, MT and HT groups were given various doses
of PGP (100, 200, 400 mg/kg· d). After 30 days, forced swimming test was carried out in an acrylic plastic pool, then the exhaustive swimming
time of rats and some biochemical parameters related to fatigue were measured. The data obtained showed that PGP could extend the exhaustive
swimming time of the rats, as well as decrease the blood lactic acid (BLA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), concentrations, and increase the
hemoglobin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen concentrations.
Result: The data obtained showed that different doses of PGP could extend the exhaustive swimming time of the rats, as well as decrease the
BLA and BUN concentrations, and increase the hemoglobin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen concentrations, which suggests that PGP had
significant anti-fatigue effects on rats.
Conclusion: PGP may be of use as a potential anti-fatigue agent, but there is a need for further research on long-term use in order to show its
positive effects on physical fatigue.

 

[izo]

2020 - Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant health burden with an ever-increasing
prevalence. They remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use
of medicinal herbs continues to be an alternative treatment approach for several diseases
including CVDs. Currently, there is an unprecedented drive for the use of herbal
preparations in modern medicinal systems. This drive is powered by several aspects,
prime among which are their cost-effective therapeutic promise compared to standard
modern therapies and the general belief that they are safe. Nonetheless, the claimed
safety of herbal preparations yet remains to be properly tested. Consequently, public
awareness should be raised regarding medicinal herbs safety, toxicity, potentially lifethreatening
adverse effects, and possible herb–drug interactions. Over the years,
laboratory data have shown that medicinal herbs may have therapeutic value in CVDs
as they can interfere with several CVD risk factors. Accordingly, there have been many
attempts to move studies on medicinal herbs from the bench to the bedside, in order to
effectively employ herbs in CVD treatments. In this review, we introduce CVDs and their
risk factors. Then we overview the use of herbs for disease treatment in general and CVDs
in particular. Further, data on the ethnopharmacological therapeutic potentials and
medicinal properties against CVDs of four widely used plants, namely Ginseng, Ginkgo
biloba, Ganoderma lucidum, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, are gathered and reviewed.
In particular, the employment of these four plants in the context of CVDs, such as
myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral vascular diseases, coronary heart disease,
cardiomyopathies, and dyslipidemias has been reviewed, analyzed, and critically
discussed. We also endeavor to document the recent studies aimed to dissect the
cellular and molecular cardio-protective mechanisms of the four plants, using recently
reported in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we reviewed and reported the results of the
recent clinical trials that have been conducted using these four medicinal herbs with
special emphasis on their efficacy, safety, and toxicity.

 

[izo]

2004 - Chronic toxicity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum

The effect of water extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was evaluated on 6-month chronic
toxicity in Wistar rats. Control group received orally 10 ml kg1 day1. The extract was orally
given to the five treatment groups at the doses of 6, 30, 150, 750 and 750 mg kg1 day1 for 24
weeks. The last group served as the recovery group. The results showed that the extract did not
produce any significant dose-related changes. Therefore, it is concluded that the extract of G.
pentaphyllum at the given doses did not produce any significant toxic effect in rats during 6-month
period of the treatment.

 

[izo]

2019 - Anti-diabetic activity evaluation of a polysaccharide extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum

In current study, a polysaccharide (GPP)was successfully extracted fromGynostemma pentaphyllum herb.Monosaccharide
composition of GPP was rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid
and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 4.11: 7.34: 13.31: 20.99: 1.07: 0.91: 4.75: 0.36. Molecularweight and polydispersity
(Mw/Mn) of GPP were 4.070 × 104 Da and 1.037, respectively. Primary structure features of GPP were
determined to be a polysaccharide by FT-IR and NMR. Fasting blood sugar of diabetic mice decreased from
17.56 mmol/L to 7.42 mmol/L by orally administration of 0.5 mL GPP (1 mg/mL) for 30 days. GPP exhibited a
dose-dependent inhibition effect on a-glucosidase activity. Moreover, GPP could inhibit the glucose absorption
and affect the protein expression of GLUT2, but not the protein expression of SGLT1. These results indicated
GPP could be used as an effective ingredient to prevent and cure diabetes.

 

[izo]

2020 - Triterpenoids from the genus Gynostemma Chemistry and pharmacological activities

Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: G. pentaphyllum, also known as Jiao-Gu-Lan, has been used
traditionally as folk remedies for many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, metabolic
syndrome, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases in China and some countries in East and
Southeast Asia. It is considered as an "immortality herb" in Guizhou Province, because it was
consumed regularly by the elderly native inhabitants. Other species of the same genus
Gynostemma such as G. longipes and G. laxum have been used as alternatives to G.
pentaphyllum in ethno-medicine in Vietnam and other Asian countries.
Aim of the review: The review aims to summarize up-to-date study results on Gynostemma
species, including traditional usage, phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, and
toxicological studies, in order to suggest future research orientation and therapeutic applications
on acute and chronic diseases.
Materials and methods: The relevant literature on the genus Gynostemma was gathered from
secondary databases (Web of Science and PubMed), books, and official websites. The latest
literature cited in this review was published in February 2020.
Results: The genus Gynostemma has been widely used in traditional medicine, mainly for
treatment of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and hepatosteatosis. To date, 328 dammarane-type
saponins were isolated and structurally elucidated from Gynostemma species. Crude extracts,
saponin-rich fractions (gypenosides), and pure compounds were reported to show a wide range
of pharmacological activities in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The most notable
pharmacological effects were anti-cancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective,
anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory activities. Toxicological studies were
conducted only on G. pentaphyllum, showing that the plant extracts were relatively safe in both
acute and long-term toxicity experiments at the given dosage while no toxicological studies were
reported for the other species.
Conclusions: The review summarizes current studies on traditional uses, phytochemistry,
biological properties, and toxicology of medicinal Gynostemma species. Till now, the majority of
publications still focused only on G. pentaphyllum. However, the promising preliminary data of
other Gynostemma species indicated the research potential of this genus, both in phytochemical
and pharmacological aspects. Furthermore, clinical data are required to evaluate the efficacy and
undesired effects of crude extracts, standard saponin fractions, and pure compounds prepared
from Gynostemma medicinal plants.

 

[izo]

2017 - Gynostemma pentaphyllum Ethanolic Extract Protects Against Memory Deficits in an MPTP-Lesioned Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease Treated with L-DOPA

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of ethanol extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP-EX) on memory
deficits in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD)
(MPTP-lesioned mice). MPTP (30 mg/kg/day, 5 days)-lesioned mice showed deficits of habit learning memory and spatial
memory, which were further aggravated by treatment with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) (25 mg/kg, 21 days).
However, treatment with GP-EX (50 mg/kg, 21 days) ameliorated memory deficits in MPTP-lesioned mice treated with LDOPA
(25 mg/kg): GP-EX prevented the decreases in retention latency time in the passive avoidance test and tyrosine
hydroxylase-immunopositive cells and dopamine levels in the nigrostriatum. GP-EX also reduced increases in retention
transfer latency time of the elevated plus-maze test and expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and improved
decreases in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and cyclic AMP-response element binding
protein (CREB) in the hippocampus in the same models. By contrast, L-DOPA treatment (10 mg/kg, 21 days) ameliorated
memory deficits in MPTP-lesioned mice, which were further improved by GP-EX treatment. These results suggest that GP-EX
ameliorates habit learning memory deficits by activating dopaminergic neurons and spatial memory deficits by modulating
NMDA receptor-ERK1/2-CREB system in MPTP-lesioned mice treated with L-DOPA. GP-EX may serve as an adjuvant
phytonutrient for memory deficits in PD.

 

[izo]

2016 - Anti-cancer effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (Jiaogulan)

Conclusion
In summary, GpM has been investigated extensively as
a potent anti-cancer agent against many types of cancers
both in vitro and in vivo. The general consensus
from the literature is that GpM exerts its anti-cancer
activities through multiple mechanisms, including
cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, inhibition
of invasion and metastasis, glycolysis inhibition and
immunomodulation.

 

[izo]

paper roll:

2004 - Chronic toxicity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.pdf
2011 - Triterpenoid saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.pdf
2014 - EFFECTS OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM GYNOSTEMMA PENTAPHYLLUM (THUNB.), MAKINO ON PHYSICAL FATIGUE.pdf
2016 - Anti-cancer effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (Jiaogulan).pdf
2017 - Gynostemma pentaphyllum Ethanolic Extract Protects Against Memory Deficits in an MPTP-Lesioned Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Treated with L-DOPA.pdf
2018 - Isolation, Structures, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino A Review.pdf
2018 - Ombuoside from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Protects PC12 Cells from L-DOPA-Induced Neurotoxicity.pdf
2019 - Anti-diabetic activity evaluation of a polysaccharide extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.pdf
2020 - Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases.pdf
2020 - Triterpenoids from the genus Gynostemma Chemistry and pharmacological activities.pdf

 

[unodelacosa]

Interesting stuff. Thanks! Also interesting is the fact that the plant is dioecious.

 

[izo]

what first is noted is that this is the most disguisting extract i tested out of around the 20 i had. very bad taste with a slightly off white color.